1 Samuel 4:13

Authorized King James Version

And when he came, lo, Eli sat upon a seat by the wayside watching: for his heart trembled for the ark of God. And when the man came into the city, and told it, all the city cried out.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
בָּ֚א
And when he came
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#2
וְהִנֵּ֣ה
lo!
#3
עֵ֠לִי
lo Eli
eli, an israelite highpriest
#4
יֹשֵׁ֨ב
sat
properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
#5
עַֽל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#6
הַכִּסֵּ֜א
upon a seat
properly, covered, i.e., a throne (as canopied)
#7
יַ֥ד
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
#8
דֶּ֙רֶךְ֙
by the wayside
a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb
#9
מְצַפֶּ֔ה
watching
properly, to lean forward, i.e., to peer into the distance; by implication, to observe, await
#10
כִּֽי
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#11
הָיָ֤ה
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#12
לִבּוֹ֙
for his heart
the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the center of anything
#13
חָרֵ֔ד
trembled
fearful; also reverential
#14
עַ֖ל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#15
אֲר֣וֹן
for the ark
a box
#16
הָֽאֱלֹהִ֑ים
of God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#17
וְהָאִ֗ישׁ
And when the man
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#18
בָּ֚א
And when he came
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#19
לְהַגִּ֣יד
and told
properly, to front, i.e., stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to
#20
הָעִֽיר׃
into the city
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
#21
וַתִּזְעַ֖ק
cried out
to shriek (from anguish or danger); by analogy, (as a herald) to announce or convene publicly
#22
כָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#23
הָעִֽיר׃
into the city
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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